Pakistan's Climate Change Losses Reach $100 Billion in Two Decades

Climate change is a pressing issue that affects countries around the globe, and Pakistan is no exception. Over the past two decades, Pakistan has faced a staggering loss of $100 billion due to the impacts of climate change. This amount is nearly equal to the country’s external debt, which stands at around $130 billion. The alarming figures were discussed during a session titled “Environmental Conflict and Social Dialogue in Pakistan,” organized by the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI). Experts gathered to shed light on the economic and social consequences of environmental degradation, emphasizing the urgent need for action.

During the session, moderated by Dr. Zainab Ahmed from Beaconhouse National University, speakers highlighted how environmental damage is worsening Pakistan’s economic challenges. Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed, Chairman of the Higher Education Commission (HEC), pointed out that environmental conflicts pose a significant threat to the country’s security. He warned that future disputes may revolve around essential resources like clean water and air. Additionally, Dr. Ahmed expressed concern over agricultural land being converted into housing, which could jeopardize food security in the nation. He called for a more institutional approach to combat deforestation and protect the environment.

Prof. Dr. Arshi Saleem Hashmi from the National Defence University linked environmental stability to social peace, stating that environmental issues impact every segment of society. Imrana Tiwana, another expert, revealed that climate change currently affects 8% of Pakistan’s GDP, a figure that could rise to 30% by 2050 if no action is taken. Saqib Basir from Muslim Aid Pakistan reported that natural disasters related to climate change have wiped out 70-80% of the country’s development gains, posing a severe setback to Pakistan’s economic growth.

Moreover, Prof. Rafi Amirud Din from COMSATS University noted that previous efforts to reduce the use of single-use plastic bags through bans have had minimal impact. This highlights the need for more comprehensive environmental policies that can effectively address the challenges at hand. Another session focused on mercury pollution, particularly the health risks associated with skin-lightening products that contain high levels of mercury. Moderated by Dr. Razia Safdar from the SDPI, this session revealed that Pakistan’s cosmetic industry is responsible for approximately 55% of mercury pollution in the country.

Despite Pakistan signing the Minamata Convention, which bans cosmetics with mercury concentrations exceeding 1PPM, enforcement of these regulations remains a significant challenge. Dr. Zaigham Abbas, Director of NEQS at PEPA, shared that out of 59 samples of skin-whitening creams tested, only three complied with the regulations. Dermatologists and environmental policymakers at the session agreed on the urgent need to control mercury pollution and enhance public awareness regarding its dangers.

Brig. Dr. Naeem Raza from the Pakistan Association of Dermatologists pointed out that the widespread use of mercury-laden cosmetics is largely due to the weak implementation of existing laws. Khawaja Mohiuddin from PSQCA emphasized the lack of standard testing laboratories for contaminated products and the absence of regulations for online cosmetic sales. As climate-related losses continue to mount and mercury pollution poses serious health risks, experts are calling for stronger regulations and enforcement to tackle these pressing environmental and health challenges.

The situation in Pakistan serves as a stark reminder of the urgent need for collective action against climate change and environmental degradation. The economic losses and health risks associated with pollution are not just statistics; they represent real challenges that affect the lives of millions. It is crucial for policymakers, businesses, and individuals to work together to create a sustainable future, ensuring that the environment is protected for generations to come. Only through concerted efforts can Pakistan hope to mitigate the impacts of climate change and secure a healthier, more prosperous future.