Technology's Role in Pakistan's Energy Crisis and Development

In today's rapidly evolving world, technology stands as the most powerful resource at our disposal. However, in the Islamic World, there exists a significant misunderstanding regarding its true potential. Technology is not merely about gadgets and devices; it is fundamentally about the application and commercialization of scientific research to address real-world challenges. While science generates knowledge, technology transforms that knowledge into practical solutions. This journey from 'romance' to 'finance' is crucial for any nation aiming to thrive in the modern era.

Having had the privilege of conducting industry-sponsored applied research projects during my MS and Ph.D. programs in the United States, I have witnessed firsthand the stark contrast between the technological landscapes of developed and developing nations. As a technologist working in Pakistan, my journey has not been without its hurdles. Initially, I focused on developing the Semiconductor Industry, but eventually, I found myself in the coal business, striving to meet the energy demands of our country.

Pakistan faces a dire energy crisis, with a staggering import bill exceeding $25 billion. This includes $200 million for urea, $2 billion for coal, and $2.6 billion for LNG. Despite possessing vast reserves of coal, particularly in Thar with an estimated 175 billion tons, we continue to rely heavily on imports. The negative propaganda surrounding our 'Black Gold' has overshadowed its potential. The coal we possess is low in sulfur and can be made more efficient through simple air-drying techniques, making it a viable source of affordable and sustainable energy.

In the realm of real estate, the mantra is 'Location, location, location.' However, when it comes to meaningful development, the mantra should be 'Technology, technology, technology.' Unfortunately, this critical aspect has been largely overlooked in Pakistan. The importance of self-reliance in armaments cannot be understated. A historical example can be drawn from Iran, which, after the Islamic revolution of 1979, faced significant challenges due to the withholding of spare parts by US manufacturers. This led to a comprehensive self-reliance program that utilized local resources and expertise, ultimately resulting in a robust technological base.

In contrast, the United States has a well-established framework for technology development and commercialization. The private sector plays a pivotal role in large-scale manufacturing, ensuring that necessary parts can be produced locally in case of disruptions. Recently, the UK government took control of a specialized Gallium-Arsenide Semiconductor facility to secure vital components for advanced weaponry. Pakistan, being a security state, has also invested heavily in defense production, yielding impressive results in areas such as fighter jets and missile systems. However, unlike the US, we have yet to effectively commercialize these technologies.

The absence of a robust framework for technology transfer from the public to the private sector is a pressing issue that needs immediate attention. Organizations like NASA have successfully developed technologies, such as a Super-Sonic commercial plane, which are then transferred to the private sector for manufacturing. In Pakistan, however, the control of Science and Technology (S&T) remains in the hands of scientists and bureaucrats, often sidelining technologists who understand the commercial landscape.

During my tenure as Chairman of the Pakistan Science Foundation, I often faced criticism for advocating the industrial application of research. Many researchers were more focused on publishing papers than on creating tangible products. This highlights a significant challenge: without a clear understanding and management of technological advancements, we risk falling behind in a world increasingly driven by technology.

Several organizations have been established to promote research and collaboration among Islamic countries, such as COMSTECH and COMSATS. However, the commercialization of technology remains a challenge, especially when compared to China's rapid advancements as a global manufacturing powerhouse. Their Belt & Road initiative is set to enhance global market access for their products, while the Islamic World continues to be a consumer.

The path forward for the Islamic World lies in understanding and developing technology. Embracing this approach will not only foster economic growth but also empower nations to become self-reliant and competitive on the global stage. The time has come for us to recognize the importance of technology and to invest in its development for a brighter future.