Egypt's Controversial Wheat Flour Substitution Plan Sparks Outrage

In a significant move aimed at reducing import costs, Egypt is set to implement a controversial plan to replace a portion of the wheat flour used in its bread with cheaper alternatives such as corn or sorghum. This initiative, announced by the Supply Ministry, is expected to save the country millions of dollars. However, the reaction from bakers, millers, and consumers has been overwhelmingly negative, raising concerns about the quality and taste of the bread that millions rely on daily.

Wheat is a staple in Egypt, where the government provides subsidized bread to over 70 million people. The country requires approximately 8.25 million tonnes of wheat each year, making it one of the largest wheat importers globally, primarily sourcing from Russia at a staggering cost exceeding $2 billion annually. The proposed substitution of a fifth of the wheat flour has sparked outrage among bakers and millers, who fear that the new ingredients will alter the bread's texture and aroma. Hesham Soliman, a trader in Cairo, expressed the concerns of many when he stated, "The change could be unpopular, producing bread with a different texture and smell."

Bakers are particularly worried about the implications of using coarser flour, which necessitates longer baking times and, consequently, higher labor costs. Millers, on the other hand, are concerned about their earnings, as they are compensated based on the amount of wheat they process. A reduction in wheat usage would directly impact their income, leading to further resistance against the plan.

Egypt has attempted similar wheat substitution strategies in the past. Two decades ago, corn was used in bread production, but after significant pushback from industry groups, the government abandoned the practice. This history of failed attempts adds to the skepticism surrounding the current proposal.

In addition to the flour substitution plan, the Egyptian government has also raised the price of subsidized bread for the first time in decades, further straining the budgets of many families. As the government grapples with economic challenges, the balance between cost-saving measures and maintaining the quality of essential food items remains a contentious issue.

As Egypt navigates these changes, it is crucial for the government to consider the voices of bakers, millers, and consumers. The potential impact on daily life and the cultural significance of bread in Egyptian society cannot be overlooked. Finding a solution that addresses economic concerns while preserving the quality and tradition of bread will be essential for the well-being of millions of Egyptians.