Mount Everest's Remarkable Growth Explained by Scientists

Mount Everest, standing tall at 8.85 kilometers above sea level, is not just the highest mountain on Earth; it is also a dynamic geological marvel that continues to grow. This growth is part of a larger process that has been ongoing for approximately 50 million years, dating back to when the Indian subcontinent collided with the Eurasian landmass. This collision gave birth to the majestic Himalayas, including Everest, which is still experiencing uplift today.

Recent scientific studies have revealed that Mount Everest is growing more than previously anticipated. Researchers have discovered that the merger of two nearby river systems, the Kosi and the Arun, has contributed significantly to this growth. Approximately 89,000 years ago, the Kosi river took over the Arun river, leading to an increase in Everest's height by an estimated 15 to 50 meters. This change in the regional river system has resulted in an uplift rate of about 0.2 to 0.5 millimeters per year.

The geological phenomenon responsible for this uplift is known as "isostatic rebound." This process occurs when the weight on the Earth's crust decreases, allowing the land masses to rise. Imagine a boat floating on water; when heavy cargo is removed, the boat rises. Similarly, as erosion carries away rock and soil from the region around Everest, the land beneath it slowly rises in response.

Geoscientist Dai Jin-Gen from China University of Geosciences explains, "Isostatic rebound can be likened to a floating object adjusting its position when weight is removed." This process is not unique to Everest; it is also observed in other regions, such as Scandinavia, where land continues to rise in response to the melting of ice sheets from the last Ice Age.

Using advanced numerical models, researchers have estimated that isostatic rebound accounts for about 10 percent of Everest's annual uplift rate. This means that while Everest is growing, it is also being shaped by the forces of nature around it. The ongoing erosion caused by wind, rain, and river flow is countered by the uplift, creating a delicate balance.

Interestingly, neighboring peaks like Lhotse and Makalu are also experiencing similar uplift due to the same geological processes. Lhotse, the fourth highest mountain in the world, is rising at a rate comparable to Everest, while Makalu, which is closer to the Arun river, has a slightly higher uplift rate.

This research highlights the dynamic nature of our planet. Even a seemingly unchanging feature like Mount Everest is subject to continuous geological processes. As Dai Jin-Gen aptly puts it, "Earth is constantly changing, often in ways imperceptible in our daily lives." This serves as a reminder that our planet is alive, constantly evolving, and full of surprises.

Mount Everest, known as Sagarmatha in Nepali and Chomolungma in Tibetan, holds immense significance not only as the highest point on Earth but also as a cultural symbol. It represents the ultimate challenge for climbers and embodies human endurance and the drive to surpass limits. For local Sherpa and Tibetan communities, Everest is sacred, further enriching its importance in human consciousness.

The ongoing growth of Mount Everest is a fascinating example of the Earth's dynamic nature. As we continue to study and understand these geological processes, we gain valuable insights into the forces that shape our world. The next time you gaze upon the towering peak of Everest, remember that it is not just a mountain; it is a testament to the ever-changing landscape of our planet.