Pakistan's Air Quality Crisis: Lessons from China's Beijing

Air pollution has become a pressing issue in many parts of the world, and Pakistan is no exception. The country, particularly its cities like Lahore, has been grappling with severe air quality problems, especially during the winter months. In November 2024, Lahore experienced hazardous smog levels, with the Air Quality Index (AQI) reaching an alarming 1,110. This situation has raised significant health concerns among residents, prompting a need for effective solutions.

Looking at successful examples from around the globe, China’s capital, Beijing, stands out as a remarkable case. Over the past decade, Beijing has made significant strides in reducing its air pollution. According to a report by the World Economic Forum, the city has managed to cut its PM2.5 pollution by 64%, nitrogen dioxide by 54%, and sulphur dioxide by an impressive 89%. This transformation is noteworthy, especially considering that just a few years ago, Beijing was notorious for its smog, often ranking as one of the most polluted cities in the world.

One of the key strategies that Beijing implemented was the establishment of a high-density air-quality monitoring system. This system includes 1,500 PM2.5 sensors spread throughout the city, combined with advanced satellite remote sensing and laser radar technology. Such comprehensive monitoring allows for real-time data collection and analysis, enabling authorities to respond swiftly to pollution spikes.

In addition to monitoring, Beijing introduced strict emission controls on coal-fired power plants, which are significant contributors to air pollution. The city also phased out older, more polluting vehicles and expanded its public transport system, making it easier for residents to choose cleaner alternatives. Remarkably, these measures were implemented while the city continued to experience economic growth, with a GDP increase of 6.8% per year.

For Pakistan, particularly Lahore, there are valuable lessons to be learned from Beijing’s experience. The country faces unique challenges, such as stubble burning, which has been a major contributor to the recent smog crisis. Farmers often burn leftover crop residue to prepare their fields for the next planting season, releasing significant amounts of smoke and pollutants into the air. This practice, combined with unfavorable weather conditions, has exacerbated the air quality crisis.

To combat air pollution effectively, Pakistan could consider implementing a similar air-quality monitoring system. By investing in technology that tracks pollution levels in real-time, authorities can better understand the sources of pollution and take timely action. Additionally, introducing stricter regulations on emissions from industries and vehicles, along with promoting public transport, could significantly improve air quality.

While the air pollution crisis in Pakistan is daunting, it is not insurmountable. By learning from Beijing’s successful strategies and adapting them to local conditions, Pakistan can take meaningful steps towards cleaner air. The health and well-being of its citizens depend on decisive action and innovative solutions to tackle this pressing issue. It is time for Pakistan to prioritize air quality and work towards a healthier future for all.